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A Study and Design of a Rat-Race Coupler based Microwave Mixer

Received: 12 September 2015     Accepted: 24 September 2015     Published: 10 October 2015
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Abstract

A microwave mixer circuits has been designed and fabricated, having frequency range of 2 GHz- 4 GHz, with optimum operating point at 3 GHz. The underlying theory of rat-race coupler was used to achieve frequency up-conversion and down-conversion process with the help of a nonlinear element - Schottky diode. The simulation of both the rat-race coupler and the mixer circuit has been done with Agilent Advanced Design System (ADS) software, and the fabricated mixer circuit has been tested using Vector Spectrum Analyzer (VSA). The measured results of the mixer has shown perfect consistency with the simulated outputs.

Published in Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (Volume 3, Issue 5)
DOI 10.11648/j.jeee.20150305.14
Page(s) 121-126
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Rat-Race Coupler, Microwave Mixer, Non-Linear Mixing

References
[1] H. E. M. Barlow, K. V. G. Krishna, “A Hall-effect microwave mixer” in Proc. of IEE- Part B: Electronic and Communication Engineering, 1962, vol. 109, no. 44, pp. 131-136.
[2] H. J. O’Neill, “Image-frequency effects in a microwave crystal mixer,” in Proc. of the Institution of Electrical Engineers, 1965, vol. 112, no. 11, pp. 2019-2024.
[3] T. Oxley, F. Hilsdent, “The performance of backward diodes as mixers and detectors at microwave frequencies” Radio and Electronic Engineer, 1966, vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 181-191.
[4] W. J. Moroney, Y. Anand, “Reliability of Microwave mixer diodes” in 10th Annual Reliability Physics Symposium, 1972, pp. 57-63.
[5] O. S. A. Tang, C. S. Aitchison, “Practical performance of a microwave distributed MESFET mixer” Electronic Letters, 1985, vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 172-173.
[6] G. Tomassetti, “An Unsual microwave mixer” in 16th European Microwave Conference, 1986, pp. 754-759.
[7] M. I. Sobhy, F. Bassirato, “Non-ideal modelling and design of microwave mixers” in IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest, 1988, pp. 1111-1114.
[8] H. Zaghloul, T. H. T. van Kalleveen, et. al., “A simple method for the evaluation of microwave mixer diodes” IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 1990, vol. 39, no. 6, pp. 928-932.
[9] T. H. Oxley, “50 years development of the microwave mixer for heterodyne reception” IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 2002, vol. 50, no. 3, pp. 867-876.
[10] K. Holland, J. Howes, “Improvements to the microwave mixer and power sensor linearity measurement capability at the National Physical Laboratory” in IEE Proc.- Science, Measurement and Technology, 2002, vol. 149, no. 6, pp. 329-332.
[11] Gan Chee Tat, Lim Koon Tin, “A study and design of microwave mixer for Conversion Efficiency (CE) performance” in Asia-Pacific Conference on Applied Electromagnetics, 2007, pp. 1-5.
[12] Cao Haibo, R. Weber, “Three-port conversion scattering parameters characterization for microwave mixers” in 51st Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 2008, pp. 414-417.
[13] C. Bohemond, T. Rampone, A. Sharaiha, “Performance of a Photonic Microwave Mixer based on cross-gain modulation in a semiconductor optical amplifier” Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2011, vol. 29, no. 16, pp. 2402-2409.
[14] Yuding Wang, Lv Zhiqing, et. al., “Back door effects of High Power microwave on microwave mixer” in International Conference on Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology (ICMMT), 2012, vol. 4, pp. 1-4.
[15] A. Kazemipour, M. Salhi, et. al., “Novel method to measure the conversion-losses (C.L.) of microwave and mm-wave mixers” in Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference Proc. (APMC), 2013, pp. 731-733.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Asif Ahmed. (2015). A Study and Design of a Rat-Race Coupler based Microwave Mixer. Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 3(5), 121-126. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jeee.20150305.14

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    ACS Style

    Asif Ahmed. A Study and Design of a Rat-Race Coupler based Microwave Mixer. J. Electr. Electron. Eng. 2015, 3(5), 121-126. doi: 10.11648/j.jeee.20150305.14

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    AMA Style

    Asif Ahmed. A Study and Design of a Rat-Race Coupler based Microwave Mixer. J Electr Electron Eng. 2015;3(5):121-126. doi: 10.11648/j.jeee.20150305.14

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  • @article{10.11648/j.jeee.20150305.14,
      author = {Asif Ahmed},
      title = {A Study and Design of a Rat-Race Coupler based Microwave Mixer},
      journal = {Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering},
      volume = {3},
      number = {5},
      pages = {121-126},
      doi = {10.11648/j.jeee.20150305.14},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jeee.20150305.14},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jeee.20150305.14},
      abstract = {A microwave mixer circuits has been designed and fabricated, having frequency range of 2 GHz- 4 GHz, with optimum operating point at 3 GHz. The underlying theory of rat-race coupler was used to achieve frequency up-conversion and down-conversion process with the help of a nonlinear element - Schottky diode. The simulation of both the rat-race coupler and the mixer circuit has been done with Agilent Advanced Design System (ADS) software, and the fabricated mixer circuit has been tested using Vector Spectrum Analyzer (VSA). The measured results of the mixer has shown perfect consistency with the simulated outputs.},
     year = {2015}
    }
    

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    T1  - A Study and Design of a Rat-Race Coupler based Microwave Mixer
    AU  - Asif Ahmed
    Y1  - 2015/10/10
    PY  - 2015
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jeee.20150305.14
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    T2  - Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
    JF  - Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
    JO  - Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
    SP  - 121
    EP  - 126
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2329-1605
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jeee.20150305.14
    AB  - A microwave mixer circuits has been designed and fabricated, having frequency range of 2 GHz- 4 GHz, with optimum operating point at 3 GHz. The underlying theory of rat-race coupler was used to achieve frequency up-conversion and down-conversion process with the help of a nonlinear element - Schottky diode. The simulation of both the rat-race coupler and the mixer circuit has been done with Agilent Advanced Design System (ADS) software, and the fabricated mixer circuit has been tested using Vector Spectrum Analyzer (VSA). The measured results of the mixer has shown perfect consistency with the simulated outputs.
    VL  - 3
    IS  - 5
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of EEE, American International University Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh

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