Case Report | | Peer-Reviewed

Foreign Body Trapped in the Oropharynx Requiring Emergency Tonsillectomy in a Case at Nianankoro Fomba Hospital in Ségou

Received: 15 August 2024     Accepted: 6 September 2024     Published: 23 September 2024
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

Introduction: Pharyngeal foreign bodies, particularly in oropharyngeal locations, should raise concerns about the presence of an associated wound. They constitute a common pathology. Their diagnosis is most often easy, but difficult in the case of an unknown foreign body. We report a foreign body embedded in the lateral wall of the oropharynx which required emergency tonsillectomy. Observation: This is a 6-year-old child received urgently at the Nianankoro Fomba Hospital in Ségou 6 hours after the introduction of the foreign body (wheel spoke) into the tonsillar compartment. On admission to the ENT and head and neck surgery department, the child's general condition was poor, consciousness remained and the conjunctivas were normal-colored. On oropharyngeal examination, we note a sharp metallic foreign body measuring 30 cm and 2 mm in diameter located at the level of the posterior fold of the right amygdala. Furthermore, there is hypersialorrhea with blood streaking. Faced with the failure of an extraction attempt; we decided to take him to the operating room after a minimum assessment. The immediate postoperative course was unremarkable. The evolution was very favorable on the 10th day of the intervention. Conclusion: Pharyngeal foreign bodies constitute a vital emergency due to their appearance or location. Their management requires rapid intervention with suitable equipment. Prevention remains the best solution.

Published in International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology (Volume 10, Issue 2)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijo.20241002.12
Page(s) 54-57
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Foreign Body, Emergency, Tonsillectomy

1. Introduction
Pharyngeal foreign bodies, particularly in oropharyngeal locations, should raise concerns about the presence of an associated wound. They are a common pathology and their severity varies greatly . Pharyngeal foreign bodies are mainly encountered in adults. However, they are not exceptional in children . In fact, a pharyngeal foreign body can be an almost harmless incident, but in extreme cases can be responsible for serious complications, sometimes life-threatening . Their diagnosis is most often easy, but it can be difficult in the case of an unrecognized foreign body .
We report a foreign body embedded in the lateral wall of the oropharynx that required emergency tonsillectomy.
2. Materials and Methods
Observation
This is a 6-year-old child admitted as an emergency for a pharyngeal foreign body after several unsuccessful attempts at extraction by the reference health center of BARAOULI.
Admitted to the ENT and head and neck surgery department of Nianankoro Fomba Hospital in Segou 6 hours after the introduction of the foreign body. On admission, the child's general condition was poor (calm and tired), consciousness was preserved and the conjunctivae were normal-colored. On oropharyngeal examination, a sharp metallic foreign body measuring 30 cm and 2 mm in diameter was noted, located at the posterior fold of the right tonsil (Figure 1). Furthermore, hypersalivation with streaks of blood was noted.
Figure 1. Foreign body in the mouth.
Given the failure of an extraction attempt; we decided to take him to the operating room after a minimum assessment.
Under general anesthesia, the mouth opener was placed. After good exposure of the oropharynx; we visualized the point of insertion of the foreign body, which was located at the posterior pillar of the right tonsil (Figure 2). A primary tonsillectomy was performed on the foreign body side; followed by the extraction of the foreign body that was attached to the pharyngeal muscle with the tip placed on the carotid artery. Our intervention was completed by a contralateral tonsillectomy (Figure 3). Postoperatively, he received treatment with analgesic such as paracetamol and antibiotic such as Amoxicillin 500 mg for 3 days. The immediate postoperative course was unremarkable. The evolution was very favorable on the 10th day of the intervention.
Figure 2. Bicycle spoke embedded in the pharynx.
Figure 3. Foreign body after extraction and tonsillectomy specimen.
3. Discussion
Foreign bodies in the pharynx, also known as pharyngeal foreign bodies, are indeed common ENT emergencies that require rapid intervention. These objects can be of animal or plant nature, organic such as pieces of bone tissue from teeth or dentures, or inorganic such as buttons and details of children's toys. They can cause complete obstruction of the airway, leading to potentially fatal mechanical asphyxia. The main oropharyngeal locations are: the soft palate, the pillars and tonsillar region, the posterior pharyngeal wall, the base of the tongue and the glosso-epiglottic groove . The lesions are lateralized in 69% of cases according to a study by Radkowski et al. on 77 cases. The penetration of foreign bodies can be responsible for deep and lateralized wounds. It is necessary to know how to examine these wounds carefully so as not to overlook rare serious forms, in particular for the carotid vascular axis .
The foreign bodies encountered are extremely variable, but food origin is the most frequent. Food gets stuck in the oropharynx during swallowing. The fish bone is the most frequently found foreign body and represents approximately 40% of cases . Fish bones stuck in the oropharynx are often perceived in a lateralized manner, which can point towards the side concerned. The occurrence of a wound is most often linked to the impaction of objects penetrating the oropharyngeal mucosa during a fall in children. The typical case is the oropharyngeal injury caused by the fall of the child who runs with a pencil-type object in the mouth (pencilinjuries like in Anglo-Saxons). The agents mainly found are in the form of a rod : wooden or plastic stick (lollipop), toothbrush handle, pencil, bicycle handle. Respiratory distress may occur, even in the absence of inhalation into the respiratory tract, if the foreign body is large .
An initial hemorrhage indicates the presence of a wound. The pain gradually gives way to discomfort that worsens when swallowing. Radiated pain such as reflex otalgia may be reported, particularly in lateralized trauma. Dysphagia and hypersialorrhea may be observed .
The physical examination allows for careful inspection of the oral cavity and oropharynx. The foreign body (fish bone, small bone fragment, etc.) can be visualized, embedded more or less deeply in the soft tissues, and is sought by taking care to visualize the glossoatonsillar grooves, the pillars, the tonsils, the posterior oropharyngeal wall. The base of the tongue is more difficult to inspect. If the foreign body is not visualized, the examination is completed by a gentle digital touch of the base of the tongue, an indirect laryngoscopy or a nasofibroscopy under local anesthesia. If no foreign body can be detected, it may be useful to call the patient back after a period of 48 hours, to assess the evolution of the symptoms and perform a new clinical examination. According to Jones et al. , an oropharyngeal foreign body is found, depending on its location, only in 59 to 68% of cases where the patient describes an ingestion with the impression of initial painful blockage. In the event of a wound, it is important to specify the location, limits, depth, presence of contusion, necrosis, soiling, or telluric debris. The use of examination under general anesthesia is sometimes necessary, particularly in children, if the history and symptoms are suggestive of the entrapment of a foreign body that is not found on examination .
Infectious complications are dominated by para- or retropharyngeal abscess, which is the most frequent . Other possible but rare complications: cervicofacial cellulitis including necrotizing fasciitis (exceptional), mediastinitis, spondylodiscitis and bronchopneumopathies . Neurological complications are rare but constitute a clinical entity, initially described by Cadwel. They should be feared in the event of deep lesions of the lateral region of the soft palate or the peritonsillar region . The mechanism considered is a tear of the intima of the internal carotid, by crushing of the artery between the CE and the transverse processes of the second and third cervical vertebrae. Vascular thrombosis occurs after a free interval, even in the absence of arterial injury, and there are usually no associated hemorrhagic symptoms .
The management of patients with suspected foreign bodies is a medical-surgical emergency. It depends on the location (naso-, oro- or hypopharyngeal), the nature of the foreign body and the data from the clinical examination and most often imaging which must specify the extent of the lesions and allow the type of management to be specified. When the practitioner is unable to establish an assessment of the lesions by a clinical examination in consultation, or when there is a diagnostic doubt, endoscopic examination under general anesthesia (GA) is justified, a normal radiological examination does not call into question the diagnosis .
Prevention is key to avoiding these emergencies. For example, supervising children while they play, avoiding leaving small, durable objects within reach, and educating children about the risks of swallowing dangerous objects can help reduce the number of cases of pharyngeal foreign bodies .
4. Conclusion
Pharyngeal foreign bodies are common emergencies in ENT and can constitute a life-threatening emergency due to their appearance or location. They can cause trauma to the soft palate and oropharynx, which are common in preschool children. This is due to their propensity to fall easily while carrying objects in their mouth. Their management requires rapid intervention with suitable equipment and trained ENT physicians. Prevention remains the best solution.
Abbreviations

ENT

Ear Nose Throat

GA

General Anesthesia

Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
References
[1] Hervé S, Portier F, Chapot R, Guichard JP, Wassef M, Tran Ba Huy P et Herman P. Fibrome nasopharyngien. Encycl Méd Chir (Editions Scientifiques et Médicales Elsevier SAS, Paris, tous droits réservés), 20-585-A-10, 2001, 14 p.
[2] Higgins GL, Meredith JT. Internal carotid artery thrombosis following penetrating trauma of the soft palate injuries: an injury of youth. J Fam Pract 1991; 32: 316-22.
[3] BertrandV, Besson-Leaud L, Herve JF, Joubert C, Menager C, Yazici B, et al. Vascular damage caused by a radiotransparent cervico-facial foreign body intraorbital arteriovenous fistula secondary to penetrating injury. Arch Pediatr 2006; 13: 1264.
[4] Cadwel JA. Post-traumatic thrombosis of internal carotid artery. Am J Surg 1936; 32: 523-52.
[5] Choy AT, Gluckman PG, Tong MC, Van HC. Flexible nasopharyngoscopy for fish bone removal from the pharynx. J Laryngol Otol 1992; 106: 709-11.
[6] Wadie GM, Konefal SH, Dias MA, McLaughlin MR. Cervical spondylodiscitis from an ingested pin: a case report. J Pediatr Surg 2005; 40: 593-6.
[7] Allotey J, Duncan H, Williams H. Mediastinitis and retropharyngeal abscess following delayed diagnosis of glass ingestion. Emerg Med J 2006; 23: e12.
[8] Yii NW, Quinn SJ, Andersson LC, Niranjan NS, Kenyon GS. Cervical necrotising fasciitis with pharyngeal perforation: treatment and reconstruction. Br J Plast Surg 1996; 49: 237-41.
[9] Singh B, KantuM, Har EG, Lucente FE. Complications associated with 327 foreign bodies of the pharynx, larynx, and esophagus. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1997; 106: 301-4.
[10] Smyth DA, Fenton J, Timon C, Mcshane DP. Occult pharyngeal perforation secondary to ’pencil injury’. J Laryngol Otol 1996; 110: 901-3.
[11] Soroudi A, Shipp HE, Stepanski BM, Ray LU, Murrin PA, Chan TC, et al. Adult foreign body airway obstruction in the prehospital setting. Prehosp Emerg Care 2007; 11: 25-9.
[12] Rouillon I, Charrier JB, Devictor D, Portier F, Lebret IK, Attal P, et al. Lower respiratory tract foreign bodies: a retrospective review of morbidity, mortality and first aid management. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2006; 70: 1949-55.
[13] Jones NS, Lannigan FJ, Salama NY. Foreign bodies in the throat: a prospective study of 388 cases. J Laryngol Otol 1991; 105: 104-8.
[14] Kosaki H, Nakamura N, Toriyama Y. Penetrating injuries to theoropharynx. J Laryngol Otol 1992; 106: 813-6.
[15] Radkowski D, McGill TJ, Healy GB, Jones DT. Penetrating trauma of the oropharynx in children. Laryngoscope 1993; 103: 991-4.
[16] Legent L, Narc P, Beauvillain P. ORL pathologie cervico-faciale. Paris: Masson; 2003: 2635-Molard O, Beauvilain de Montreuil C. Corps étrangers et perforation du pharynx. Encyclopédie médicochirurgicale (Elsevier, Paris). OtoRhino-Laryngologie, 20-620-A-10, 1998, 3p.
[17] Malard O., Wagner R., Beauvillain de Montreuil C. Corps étrangers et perforation du pharynx. EMC (Elsevier Masson SAS, Paris), Oto-rhino-laryngologie, 20-620-A-10, 2008.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Wahab, H. A., Aminata, F., Harouna, S., Oumou, C., Mahamadou, D., et al. (2024). Foreign Body Trapped in the Oropharynx Requiring Emergency Tonsillectomy in a Case at Nianankoro Fomba Hospital in Ségou. International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology, 10(2), 54-57. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijo.20241002.12

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Wahab, H. A.; Aminata, F.; Harouna, S.; Oumou, C.; Mahamadou, D., et al. Foreign Body Trapped in the Oropharynx Requiring Emergency Tonsillectomy in a Case at Nianankoro Fomba Hospital in Ségou. Int. J. Otorhinolaryngol. 2024, 10(2), 54-57. doi: 10.11648/j.ijo.20241002.12

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Wahab HA, Aminata F, Harouna S, Oumou C, Mahamadou D, et al. Foreign Body Trapped in the Oropharynx Requiring Emergency Tonsillectomy in a Case at Nianankoro Fomba Hospital in Ségou. Int J Otorhinolaryngol. 2024;10(2):54-57. doi: 10.11648/j.ijo.20241002.12

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.ijo.20241002.12,
      author = {Haidara Abdoul Wahab and Fofana Aminata and Sanogo Harouna and Coulbaly Oumou and Doumbia Mahamadou and Coulibaly Demba and Mohamed Saydi Ag Mohamed Elmehdi Elansari and Traore Bagouma and Dembele Ali and Amadou Coulibaly and Sanogo Boubacar and Mariam Sangare and Kone Fatogoma Issa and Boubacary Guindo and Siaka Soumaoro and Kadiatou Singare and Mohamed Aamdou Keita},
      title = {Foreign Body Trapped in the Oropharynx Requiring Emergency Tonsillectomy in a Case at Nianankoro Fomba Hospital in Ségou
    },
      journal = {International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology},
      volume = {10},
      number = {2},
      pages = {54-57},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijo.20241002.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijo.20241002.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijo.20241002.12},
      abstract = {Introduction: Pharyngeal foreign bodies, particularly in oropharyngeal locations, should raise concerns about the presence of an associated wound. They constitute a common pathology. Their diagnosis is most often easy, but difficult in the case of an unknown foreign body. We report a foreign body embedded in the lateral wall of the oropharynx which required emergency tonsillectomy. Observation: This is a 6-year-old child received urgently at the Nianankoro Fomba Hospital in Ségou 6 hours after the introduction of the foreign body (wheel spoke) into the tonsillar compartment. On admission to the ENT and head and neck surgery department, the child's general condition was poor, consciousness remained and the conjunctivas were normal-colored. On oropharyngeal examination, we note a sharp metallic foreign body measuring 30 cm and 2 mm in diameter located at the level of the posterior fold of the right amygdala. Furthermore, there is hypersialorrhea with blood streaking. Faced with the failure of an extraction attempt; we decided to take him to the operating room after a minimum assessment. The immediate postoperative course was unremarkable. The evolution was very favorable on the 10th day of the intervention. Conclusion: Pharyngeal foreign bodies constitute a vital emergency due to their appearance or location. Their management requires rapid intervention with suitable equipment. Prevention remains the best solution.
    },
     year = {2024}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Foreign Body Trapped in the Oropharynx Requiring Emergency Tonsillectomy in a Case at Nianankoro Fomba Hospital in Ségou
    
    AU  - Haidara Abdoul Wahab
    AU  - Fofana Aminata
    AU  - Sanogo Harouna
    AU  - Coulbaly Oumou
    AU  - Doumbia Mahamadou
    AU  - Coulibaly Demba
    AU  - Mohamed Saydi Ag Mohamed Elmehdi Elansari
    AU  - Traore Bagouma
    AU  - Dembele Ali
    AU  - Amadou Coulibaly
    AU  - Sanogo Boubacar
    AU  - Mariam Sangare
    AU  - Kone Fatogoma Issa
    AU  - Boubacary Guindo
    AU  - Siaka Soumaoro
    AU  - Kadiatou Singare
    AU  - Mohamed Aamdou Keita
    Y1  - 2024/09/23
    PY  - 2024
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijo.20241002.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijo.20241002.12
    T2  - International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
    JF  - International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
    JO  - International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
    SP  - 54
    EP  - 57
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2472-2413
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijo.20241002.12
    AB  - Introduction: Pharyngeal foreign bodies, particularly in oropharyngeal locations, should raise concerns about the presence of an associated wound. They constitute a common pathology. Their diagnosis is most often easy, but difficult in the case of an unknown foreign body. We report a foreign body embedded in the lateral wall of the oropharynx which required emergency tonsillectomy. Observation: This is a 6-year-old child received urgently at the Nianankoro Fomba Hospital in Ségou 6 hours after the introduction of the foreign body (wheel spoke) into the tonsillar compartment. On admission to the ENT and head and neck surgery department, the child's general condition was poor, consciousness remained and the conjunctivas were normal-colored. On oropharyngeal examination, we note a sharp metallic foreign body measuring 30 cm and 2 mm in diameter located at the level of the posterior fold of the right amygdala. Furthermore, there is hypersialorrhea with blood streaking. Faced with the failure of an extraction attempt; we decided to take him to the operating room after a minimum assessment. The immediate postoperative course was unremarkable. The evolution was very favorable on the 10th day of the intervention. Conclusion: Pharyngeal foreign bodies constitute a vital emergency due to their appearance or location. Their management requires rapid intervention with suitable equipment. Prevention remains the best solution.
    
    VL  - 10
    IS  - 2
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • ENT and Head and Neck Surgery Department, Nianankoro Fomba Hospital, Ségou, Mali

  • ENT and Head and Neck Surgery Department, Nianankoro Fomba Hospital, Ségou, Mali

  • ENT and Head and Neck Surgery Department, Reference Health Center, Kalaban Coro Commune, Kati, Mali

  • ENT and Head and Neck Surgery Department, Gabriel Touré University Hospital, Bamako, Mali

  • ENT and Head and Neck Surgery Department, Gabriel Touré University Hospital, Bamako, Mali

  • ENT and Head and Neck Surgery Department, Reference Health Center, Koutiala, Mali

  • ENT and Head and Neck Surgery Department, Commune VI Reference Health Center, Bamako, Mali

  • Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Nianankoro Fomba Hospital, Ségou, Mali

  • ENT and Head and Neck Surgery Department, Nianankoro Fomba Hospital, Ségou, Mali

  • ENT and Head and Neck Surgery Department, Nianankoro Fomba Hospital, Ségou, Mali

  • ENT and Head and Neck Surgery Department, Gabriel Touré University Hospital, Bamako, Mali

  • ENT and Head and Neck Surgery Department, Reference Health Center, Kalaban Coro Commune, Kati, Mali

  • ENT and Head and Neck Surgery Department, Gabriel Touré University Hospital, Bamako, Mali

  • ENT and Head and Neck Surgery Department, Gabriel Touré University Hospital, Bamako, Mali

  • ENT and Head and Neck Surgery Department, Gabriel Touré University Hospital, Bamako, Mali

  • ENT and Head and Neck Surgery Department, Gabriel Touré University Hospital, Bamako, Mali

  • ENT and Head and Neck Surgery Department, Gabriel Touré University Hospital, Bamako, Mali